You can determine whether or not you have flat or inverted nipples: Gently compress your areola about three centimetres behind your nipple. A normal nipple will evert or protrude, an inverted nipple will invert or retract. Flat or inverted nipples may prove problematic when breastfeeding, as the baby might find it challenging to draw milk out efficiently.
If your nipples are flat or inverted you may use Nipple Formers – not to be confused with nipple shields – to try to draw out the nipple. Nipple Formers are worn inside the bra, which may need to be one size larger than normal to have room for the formers. Nipple Formers can be used during pregnancy or after birth, the earlier the better.
Using a breastpump may also help to draw out the nipples and, crucially, will maintain and build your breastmilk supply. Nipple Shields may also prove to be useful in the first few days, to give the baby something to grip on to. Note that nipple shields may adversely affect milk transfer, so never use them without the advice of your health visitor or lactation consultant.
Seek the advice of your lactation specialist if you suspect you have flat or inverted nipples.